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音頻科普：以冰制冰的防凍劑
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音頻科普：以冰制冰的防凍劑
?Patterning a surface with tiny stripes of ice prevents frost formation on the rest of the surface—a technique that could keep planes or roads frost-free.在物體表面上紋上結(jié)的細(xì)小冰條能避免物體的其余位置繼續(xù)結(jié)冰——這是避免飛機(jī)或路面結(jié)冰的技術(shù)手段。
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撰文\播音：克里斯托弗·因塔利亞塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻譯：陳美娟
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Every year, 20 million tons of salt are dumped on roads and highways across the U.S. to eliminate ice. And airlines spray up to 1,000 gallons of antifreeze on any one plane to de-ice it. But now scientists have come up with what might be a more environmentally friendly alternative.?
在美國(guó)，每年有2000萬(wàn)噸的鹽被撒在路面和高速路上用來(lái)融冰。航空公司在飛機(jī)上噴灑多達(dá)1000加侖的抗凝劑來(lái)除冰。但如今科學(xué)家已經(jīng)想到了一個(gè)可以代替這種方式的環(huán)保手段了。
"We've often heard the expression, 'It's time to fight fire with fire.' Well I think now it's time to fight ice with ice." Jonathan Boreyko studies fluid mechanics at Virginia Tech.?
“我們經(jīng)常聽到這樣的說(shuō)法，‘是時(shí)候以毒攻毒了’。然而我想說(shuō)的是，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候以冰制冰了。”在弗吉尼亞科技大學(xué)研究流體力學(xué)的喬納森·柏瑞科（Jonathan Boreyko）說(shuō)。
And what he means by that is: if ice growth is inevitable, why not design certain areas of plane wings or roads or HVAC systems specifically to attract ice…to control the chaos, and keep ice-forming moisture away from the rest of the surface? Use ice itself…as antifreeze?
他的意思是：如果結(jié)冰無(wú)法避免，為什么不在機(jī)翼，路面，或是暖通空調(diào)系統(tǒng)上設(shè)計(jì)出的一塊專門誘使冰形成的區(qū)域呢？以此來(lái)控制這種無(wú)序狀況，并且讓形成冰必需的水分遠(yuǎn)離這塊區(qū)域呢？要是把冰當(dāng)作抗凝劑會(huì)怎么樣？
To test the idea, he and his team used lasers to cut tiny grooves into aluminum surfaces. Those grooves, once filled with water and frozen, turned into tiny stripes of ice, which indeed kept the rest of the surface 80 to 90 percent frost-free, even in incredibly humid cold air.?
為了檢測(cè)這個(gè)想法的可行性，他與團(tuán)隊(duì)成員用激光將鋁表面刻出諸多小凹槽。一旦那些凹槽里填滿了水并加以冰凍，就會(huì)形成細(xì)小條的冰，讓鋁面80%到90%的剩余部分保持無(wú)冰狀態(tài)，即使使用潮濕冷空氣也能得到這樣的結(jié)果。
"What's happening is the ice striped areas are just so attractive to the moisture, that it kind of tractor beams all the moisture that's going to the surface towards the striped regions preferentially, such that the intermediate areas, if you design it right, just stay completely dry."?
“這個(gè)現(xiàn)象是，冰條覆蓋的區(qū)域吸引水分的能力很強(qiáng)，以至于能夠優(yōu)先將鋁面上方經(jīng)過(guò)的水分牽引到冰紋區(qū)，如果設(shè)計(jì)得當(dāng)?shù)脑?，中間無(wú)冰區(qū)能夠保持完全干燥。”
The results—and some cool time-lapse videos—are in the journal?ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.?[S. Farzad Ahmadi et al.,?Passive Antifrosting Surfaces Using Microscopic Ice Patterns]
這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果以及一些延時(shí)視頻發(fā)表在《美國(guó)化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用材料與界面》雜志上。
Boreyko and his team have already patented the tech. If it proves viable after more R&D, it might make our wintertime fight against frost a lot more environmentally friendly.?
柏瑞科與他的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)申請(qǐng)了專利。如果經(jīng)歷更多研發(fā)證實(shí)它的可行性的話，就能讓我們冬天的抗冰措施更加環(huán)保了。
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?Patterning a surface with tiny stripes of ice prevents frost formation on the rest of the surface—a technique that could keep planes or roads frost-free.在物體表面上紋上結(jié)的細(xì)小冰條能避免物體的其余位置繼續(xù)結(jié)冰——這是避免飛機(jī)或路面結(jié)冰的技術(shù)手段。
?
撰文\播音：克里斯托弗·因塔利亞塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻譯：陳美娟
?
Every year, 20 million tons of salt are dumped on roads and highways across the U.S. to eliminate ice. And airlines spray up to 1,000 gallons of antifreeze on any one plane to de-ice it. But now scientists have come up with what might be a more environmentally friendly alternative.?
在美國(guó)，每年有2000萬(wàn)噸的鹽被撒在路面和高速路上用來(lái)融冰。航空公司在飛機(jī)上噴灑多達(dá)1000加侖的抗凝劑來(lái)除冰。但如今科學(xué)家已經(jīng)想到了一個(gè)可以代替這種方式的環(huán)保手段了。
"We've often heard the expression, 'It's time to fight fire with fire.' Well I think now it's time to fight ice with ice." Jonathan Boreyko studies fluid mechanics at Virginia Tech.?
“我們經(jīng)常聽到這樣的說(shuō)法，‘是時(shí)候以毒攻毒了’。然而我想說(shuō)的是，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候以冰制冰了。”在弗吉尼亞科技大學(xué)研究流體力學(xué)的喬納森·柏瑞科（Jonathan Boreyko）說(shuō)。
And what he means by that is: if ice growth is inevitable, why not design certain areas of plane wings or roads or HVAC systems specifically to attract ice…to control the chaos, and keep ice-forming moisture away from the rest of the surface? Use ice itself…as antifreeze?
他的意思是：如果結(jié)冰無(wú)法避免，為什么不在機(jī)翼，路面，或是暖通空調(diào)系統(tǒng)上設(shè)計(jì)出的一塊專門誘使冰形成的區(qū)域呢？以此來(lái)控制這種無(wú)序狀況，并且讓形成冰必需的水分遠(yuǎn)離這塊區(qū)域呢？要是把冰當(dāng)作抗凝劑會(huì)怎么樣？
To test the idea, he and his team used lasers to cut tiny grooves into aluminum surfaces. Those grooves, once filled with water and frozen, turned into tiny stripes of ice, which indeed kept the rest of the surface 80 to 90 percent frost-free, even in incredibly humid cold air.?
為了檢測(cè)這個(gè)想法的可行性，他與團(tuán)隊(duì)成員用激光將鋁表面刻出諸多小凹槽。一旦那些凹槽里填滿了水并加以冰凍，就會(huì)形成細(xì)小條的冰，讓鋁面80%到90%的剩余部分保持無(wú)冰狀態(tài)，即使使用潮濕冷空氣也能得到這樣的結(jié)果。
"What's happening is the ice striped areas are just so attractive to the moisture, that it kind of tractor beams all the moisture that's going to the surface towards the striped regions preferentially, such that the intermediate areas, if you design it right, just stay completely dry."?
“這個(gè)現(xiàn)象是，冰條覆蓋的區(qū)域吸引水分的能力很強(qiáng)，以至于能夠優(yōu)先將鋁面上方經(jīng)過(guò)的水分牽引到冰紋區(qū)，如果設(shè)計(jì)得當(dāng)?shù)脑?，中間無(wú)冰區(qū)能夠保持完全干燥。”
The results—and some cool time-lapse videos—are in the journal?ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.?[S. Farzad Ahmadi et al.,?Passive Antifrosting Surfaces Using Microscopic Ice Patterns]
這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果以及一些延時(shí)視頻發(fā)表在《美國(guó)化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用材料與界面》雜志上。
Boreyko and his team have already patented the tech. If it proves viable after more R&D, it might make our wintertime fight against frost a lot more environmentally friendly.?
柏瑞科與他的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)申請(qǐng)了專利。如果經(jīng)歷更多研發(fā)證實(shí)它的可行性的話，就能讓我們冬天的抗冰措施更加環(huán)保了。
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